Interesting topic....please have a look again at the dog and also look at the main gear. I note from your picture that only one dog contact has wear, the other two seem without contact. If this is correct you have a misalignment of the dog and gear. In general when this is seen in a standard ULS with clutch I would recommend a change of the gearset and the dog (always replace the dog if you change the gears) The spalling on the ramp is not the issue and is somewhat normal. The vibration appears from the picture to be a mismatch of the dog and gear
As a note, whenever you take one apart you need to index (mark) the dog to the gear. When you reassemble they have to go back to the same position to avoid accelerated wear. After first use they mate together so we want to avoid changing the wear points in the dog and gearset.
Cheers